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Home / Who Is Known for Early 20 Century Art Work Usually on Magazine Covers

Who Is Known for Early 20 Century Art Work Usually on Magazine Covers

German-American illustrator

J. C. Leyendecker
JC Leyendecker cropped.jpg

Leyendecker in 1895
Born

Joseph Christian Leyendecker


(1874-03-23)March 23, 1874

Montabaur, Rhine Province, High german Empire
Died July 25, 1951(1951-07-25) (aged 77)

New Rochelle, New York, U.Southward.
Nationality American
Education Chicago Art Plant, Académie Julian
Known for Illustration, painting
Partner(s) Charles Beach

Joseph Christian Leyendecker (March 23, 1874 – July 25, 1951) was a German-American illustrator, considered one of the preeminent American illustrators of the early 20th century. He is best known for his poster, book and advertizing illustrations, the trade character known as The Arrow Collar Man, and his numerous covers for The Sabbatum Evening Postal service.[i] [2] Betwixt 1896 and 1950, he painted more than than 400 mag covers. During the Golden Age of American Analogy, for The Saturday Evening Post alone, he produced 322 covers, and many ad illustrations for its interior pages. No other artist, until the arrival of Norman Rockwell two decades subsequently, was and so solidly identified with one publication.[iii] He "well-nigh invented the whole idea of mod mag design."[4]

Early life [edit]

Leyendecker (called 'J.C.' or 'Joe') was born on March 23, 1874 at Montabaur in western Deutschland, a hamlet 18 km east of the Rhine, to Peter Leyendecker (1838–1916) and Elizabeth Ortseifen Leyendecker (1845–1905). He was the first-born son; his brother Francis Xavier was born three years afterwards. A sister, Mary Augusta, the tertiary and concluding child, arrived after the family emigrated to America.[5]

In 1882, the Leyendecker family unit immigrated to Chicago, Illinois, where Elizabeth's brother Adam Ortseifen was vice-president of the successful McAvoy Brewing Visitor. After working in tardily adolescence for a Chicago engraving business firm, J. Manz & Company, and completing his first commercial commission of 60 Bible illustrations for the Powers Brothers Visitor, J. C. sought formal artistic training at the schoolhouse of the Chicago Fine art Institute.[6]

In 1895, the April–September upshot of The Inland Printer had an introduction to J.C. Leyendecker. The commodity described his work for J. Manz & Visitor, and his intention to study in Paris. It featured one of his sketches, and 2 book covers he had illustrated, provided by E.A. Weeks, a Chicago publisher between 1893 and 1899.[7] That twelvemonth, Leyendecker created his first poster, also for E.A. Weeks, for the volume 1 Fair Daughter by Frank Frankfort Moore.[8]

After studying drawing and anatomy under John Vanderpoel at the Chicago Art Constitute, J. C. and younger brother Frank enrolled in the Académie Julian[9] in Paris for a twelvemonth, where they were exposed to the work of Toulouse-Lautrec, Jules Chéret, and Alphonse Mucha, a leader in the French Fine art Nouveau movement.[10] [11]

Career [edit]

In 1899, the Leyendecker brothers returned to America and prepare residence in an apartment in Hyde Park, Illinois. They had a studio in Chicago's Fine Arts Edifice at 410 South Michigan Ave. On May 20 of that year, Joe received his first committee for a Sabbatum Evening Post cover – the beginning of his xl-iv-year association with the most popular magazine in the country. Ultimately he would produce 322 covers for the magazine, introducing many iconic visual images and traditions including the New year'southward Babe, the butterball ruby-garbed rendition of Santa Claus, flowers for Mother'southward Day, and firecrackers on the fourth of July.[12]

Leyendecker in his studio

In 1900, Joe, Frank, and their sister Mary moved to New York City, and then the centre of the US commercial fine art, advertising and publishing industries. During the next decade, both brothers began lucrative long-term working relationships with clothes manufactures including Interwoven Socks, Hartmarx, B. Kuppenheimer & Co., and Cluett Peabody & Company. The latter resulted in Leyendecker'due south most important commission when he was hired to develop a series of images of the Arrow brand of shirt collars. Leyendecker's Pointer Collar Man, as well as the images he later on created for Kuppenheimer Suits and Interwoven Socks, came to define the stylish American male during the early decades of the twentieth century.[3] Leyendecker often used his favorite model and life partner, Charles Embankment (1881–1954).[thirteen] [xiv] [15]

Another important commission for Leyendecker was from Kellogg's, the breakfast food manufacturer. As part of a major advertizement entrada, he created a series of twenty "Kellogg's Kids" to promote Kellogg'southward Corn Flakes.[16]

In 1914, the Leyendeckers, accompanied past Charles Embankment, moved into a large abode and art studio in New Rochelle, New York, where J. C. would reside for the remainder of his life.[17] During the beginning Globe War, in improver to his many commissions for magazine covers and men's fashion advertisements, J. C. also painted recruitment posters for the United States military and the war endeavour.

The 1920s were in many ways the noon of Leyendecker'south career, with some of his most recognizable work existence completed during this time. Modern advertising had come into its own, with Leyendecker widely regarded as among the preeminent American commercial artists. This popularity extended beyond the commercial, and into Leyendecker's personal life, where he and Charles Embankment hosted large galas attended past people of consequence from all sectors. The parties they hosted at their New Rochelle domicile/studio were important social and celebrity making events.[18]

As the 1920s marked the apex of J. C. Leyendecker's career, so the 1930s marked the first of its decline. Around 1930–31, Cluett, Peabody, & Co. ceased using Leyendecker'southward illustrations in its advertisements for shirts and ties as the collar industry seriously declined after 1921. During this time, the always shy Leyendecker became more than and more reclusive, rarely speaking with people outside of his sister Mary Augusta and Charles (Frank had died in 1924 every bit a result of an addiction-riddled lifestyle). Perhaps in reaction to his pervasive popularity in the previous decade, or as a result of the new economic reality following the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the number of commissions Leyendecker received steadily declined. In 1936, the editor at the Sabbatum Evening Postal service for all of Leyendecker'south career up to that point, George Horace Lorimer, retired, and was replaced by Wesley Winans Stout (1937–1942) and then Ben Hibbs (1942–1962), both of whom rarely deputed Leyendecker to illustrate covers.[19]

Leyendecker'due south final cover for the Sat Evening Post was of a New year's day Baby for January 2, 1943, thus catastrophe the artist'south most lucrative and historic cord of commissions. New commissions continued to filter in, but slowly. Amongst the most prominent were posters for the Us Department of War, in which Leyendecker depicted commanding officers of the armed forces encouraging the purchases of bonds to support the nation'southward efforts in Globe War 2.

Leyendecker died on July 25, 1951, at his estate in New Rochelle of an astute coronary occlusion.[nineteen]

Personal life [edit]

Many biographers have speculated on J. C. Leyendecker'southward sexuality, often attributing the apparent homoerotic artful of his work to a homosexual identity. Without question, Leyendecker excelled at depicting male homosocial spaces (locker rooms, clubhouses, tailoring shops) and extraordinarily handsome young men in curious poses or exchanging glances. Leyendecker never married, and he lived with another man, Charles Beach, for much of his developed life. Beach was the original model for the famous Arrow Collar Homo and is assumed to take been his lover.[xx]

While Beach often organized the famous gala-similar social gatherings that Leyendecker was known for in the 1920s, he apparently also contributed largely to Leyendecker's social isolation in his later years. Beach reportedly forbade outside contact with the artist in the concluding months of his life.[21]

Due to his fame every bit an illustrator, Leyendecker was able to indulge in a very luxurious lifestyle which in many means embodied the mood of the Roaring Twenties. However, when commissions began to wane in the 1930s, he was forced to curtail spending considerably. By the time of his death, Leyendecker had let all of the household staff at his New Rochelle estate go, with he and Beach attempting to maintain the all-encompassing estate themselves. Leyendecker left a tidy manor equally split between his sister and Beach.

Leyendecker is buried alongside parents and brother Frank at Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx, New York Urban center.[22] Charles Allwood Beach died of a center assault on 21 June 1954 at New Rochelle.[23] The verbal location of his burial is unknown. Although the annals for St. Paul's Church building, New Rochelle, indicates interment at Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York, the cemetery has no record of the burial.[24] [25]

Body of work [edit]

Notable clients [edit]

Weapons for Liberty – The statesA. Bonds. An appeal to youth to sell war bonds through a scene of a Boy Scout lifting a sword toward Lady Freedom, by Leyendecker.

  • Amoco
  • Boy Scouts of America
  • The Century Company
  • Chesterfield Cigarettes
  • Cluett Peabody & Visitor
  • Collier's Weekly
  • Cooper Underwear
  • Foam of Wheat
  • Curtis Publishing Visitor
  • Franklin Automobile
  • Hart Schaffner & Marx
  • Ivory Soap
  • Kellogg Company
  • Kuppenheimer
  • Overland Automobile
  • Palmolive Soap
  • Pierce Arrow Motorcar
  • Procter & Gamble
  • The Timken Company
  • U.S. Ground forces
  • U.S. Marines
  • U.S. Navy
  • Willys-Overland Company

Museum holdings [edit]

Examples of his work tin can be found in the collections of the Haggin Museum in Stockton, CA, the National Museum of American Analogy in Newport, RI, and in the Pritzker Military Museum & Library in Chicago, IL.

Legacy [edit]

Every bit the premier cover illustrator for the enormously popular Saturday Evening Post for much of the first half of the 20th century, Leyendecker's piece of work both reflected and helped mold many of the visual aspects of the era'south civilization in America. The mainstream image of Santa Claus as a jolly fat man in a red fur-trimmed coat was popularized past Leyendecker, as was the image of the New year's day Baby.[26] The tradition of giving flowers equally a gift on Mother'south Day was started by Leyendecker'southward May 30, 1914 Sabbatum Evening Mail service cover [ citation needed ] depicting a young bellhop conveying hyacinths. It was created as a commemoration of President Woodrow Wilson'southward declaration of Mother's Day as an official vacation that year.

Leyendecker was a main influence upon, and friend of, Norman Rockwell, who was a pallbearer at Leyendecker's funeral. In item, the early work of Norman Rockwell for the Saturday Evening Post bears a potent superficial resemblance to that of Leyendecker. While today it is mostly accepted that Norman Rockwell established the best-known visual images of Americana, in many cases they are derivative of Leyendecker'south piece of work, or reinterpretations of visual themes established by Rockwell's idol.

The visual style of Leyendecker's art inspired the graphics in The Dagger of Amon Ra, a video game, equally well as designs in Team Fortress ii, a showtime-person shooter for the PC, Xbox 360, and PlayStation 3.[27]

Leyendecker's work inspired George Lucas and will be office of the drove of the anticipated Lucas Museum of Narrative Art.[28]

Leyendecker's Mussed-up Boy, Football Hero, which appeared on the embrace of The Saturday Evening Post on November 21, 1914, sold for $iv.12 meg on May 7, 2021.[29] [xxx] The previous world record for a J. C. Leyendecker original was set in Dec 2020, when Sotheby's sold his 1930 piece of work Carousel Ride for $516,100.[31]

Films and plays [edit]

In Love with the Pointer Collar Man, a play written by Lance Ringel and directed past Chuck Muckle at Theatre fourscore St. Marks from Nov to December 2017, dramatizes the life of Leyendecker and his life partner Charles Beach.

Coded, 2021 film documentary, tells the story of Leyendecker and is premiering at the TriBeCa Flick Festival in 2021.[32]

Gallery [edit]

  • Arrow Shirt advertizement from the 1920s

  • Analogy for Queen Maev in Myths and Legends of the Celtic Race, 1911

  • Drawing from 1913

  • Joseph Christian Leyendecker - U.S. Marines (1917).jpg

  • Joseph Christian Leyendecker - The Century. August - Google Art Project.jpg

  • Ad asking Americans to enlist in the Navy

  • Poster- The Pageant and Masque of St. Louis, Forest Park, May 28–31, 1914

See also [edit]

  • Frank Xavier Leyendecker

References [edit]

  1. ^ "The Haggin Museum Leyendecker Collection returns to public brandish May–December 2010". Haggin Museum. Retrieved September 9, 2010. He is best known for his cover work for Collier's magazine and the Saturday Evening Postal service, for which he produced more than covers for than whatever other artist. His creation of the "Pointer Collar Human being" in 1905, too as the images he created for Kuppenheimer Suits, Interwoven Socks and the Cooper Underwear Visitor ... presently came to define the stylish American male of the early on 20th century.
  2. ^ "About The Sat Evening Post". Saturday Evening Post. Archived from the original on February 22, 2009. Retrieved September nine, 2010. Other notable cover illustrators include J.C. Leyendecker, N.C. Wyeth, Charles Livingston Bull, and John E. Sheridan.
  3. ^ a b "Joseph Christian Leyendecker". National Museum of American Analogy. Archived from the original on February seven, 2016. Retrieved September 9, 2010. Betwixt 1896 and 1950, J.C. Leyendecker painted more than than four hundred mag covers. During 'The Gold Historic period of American Illustration', the Saturday Evening Mail service alone commissioned J. C. Leyendecker to produce 323 covers as well every bit many advertizement illustrations for its interior pages. No other artist, until the inflow of Norman Rockwell two decades afterward, was then solidly identified with ane publication.
  4. ^ Chun, Alex (September 20, 2007). "No longer is he the 'other illustrator'; J.C. Leyendecker was idolized by Norman Rockwell, not the other manner around. Finally, an exhibit of more than 50 of his originals shows why". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved September 9, 2010. [Leyendecker] virtually invented the whole idea of modern magazine design in the early part of the century," says Fullerton Museum Center curator Richard Smith. "While Leyendecker'due south work is not that well known, people will walk away from the feel of seeing his originals thinking they know a niggling more than about illustration and the primary of it that Leyendecker was.
  5. ^ Schau, Michael (1974). J.C. Leyendecker. Watson-Guptill Publication. p. 14. ISBN0-8230-2757-0.
  6. ^ Schau, Michael (1974). J.C. Leyendecker. Watson-Guptill Publication. pp. fourteen–15. ISBN0-8230-2757-0.
  7. ^ The Inland Printer. Maclean-Hunter Publishing Corporation. 1895.
  8. ^ Leyendecker, J. C. (Joseph Christian) (1895). "One fair daughter by Frank Frankfort Moore". www.loc.gov . Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  9. ^ "glbtqarchive.com" (PDF). Glbtqarchive.com . Retrieved October 15, 2018.
  10. ^ Schau, Michael (1974). J.C. Leyendecker. Watson-Guptill Publication. p. fifteen. ISBN0-8230-2757-0.
  11. ^ Steine, Kent; Taraba, Frederic B. (1996). J.C. Leyendecker Collection, The. Collectors Press. ISBN0-9635202-9-6.
  12. ^ Cutler, Laurence Southward.; Cutler, Judy Goffman. J.C. Leyendecker: American Imagist. Harry N. Abrams. ISBN 0-8109-9521-2.
  13. ^ "Arrow Collar Man Model Dies at 72 - 24 Jun 1954, Thu • Folio 26". The Times Record: 26. 1954. Retrieved March 18, 2018.
  14. ^ Cooper, Emmanuel (1994). The Sexual Perspective: Homosexuality and Art in the Last 100 Years in the West. Routledge. p. 132. ISBN0-415-11100-v.
  15. ^ Smith, Patricia Juliana (2002). "Leyendecker, Joseph C." glbtq.com. Archived from the original on January thirty, 2011. Retrieved October 11, 2010.
  16. ^ "J.C. Leyendecker (1874–1951)". Haggin Museum. Retrieved September 9, 2010. Men's fashion was probably the most significant attribute of Leyendecker'due south advertising opus, but his artwork was likewise used to promote a host of other products, including soap, automobiles, and cigarettes. And starting in 1912, he captured the hearts of American mothers through his serial of cherubic infants, winsome children and wholesome adolescents enjoying bowls of Kellogg's Corn Flakes.
  17. ^ Schau, Michael (1974). J.C. Leyendecker. Watson-Guptill Publication. p. 32. ISBN0-8230-2757-0.
  18. ^ Who's Who in Gay and Lesbian History from Artifact to World War Two. Routledge; London. 2002. ISBN 0-415-15983-0.
  19. ^ a b Meyer, Susan E. "J.C. Leyendecker." In America'due south Dandy Illustrators, 136–159. New York: H. Northward. Abrams, 1978.
  20. ^ Smith, Patricia Juliana (December 7, 2002). "Leyendecker, Joseph C." (PDF). glbtqarchive.com. .
  21. ^ Norman Rockwell. My Adventures as an Illustrator.
  22. ^ Wilson, Scott. Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More than Than 14,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Location 27882). McFarland & Visitor, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition.
  23. ^ The Courier-News (Bridgewater, New Bailiwick of jersey) 24 Jun 1954, Page 36
  24. ^ Ancestry.com. New York, Episcopal Diocese of New York Church Records, 1767-1970 [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2017. Original data: The Episcopal Diocese of New York Church Records, New York, NY.
  25. ^ http://crm.ferncliffcemetery.com:81/esearch/
  26. ^ Segal, Eric Jefferson. "Realizing Whiteness in U.S. Visual Civilisation: The Popular Illustration of J.C. Leyendecker, Norman Rockwell, and the Saturday Evening Postal service, 1917–1945." PhD Dissertation, Academy of California Los Angeles, 2002.
  27. ^ Francke, Moby. Team Fortress 2 tc_hydro Developer Commentary, node 14.
  28. ^ "Lakefront campus recommended for George Lucas interactive museum | Early & Often". Politics.suntimes.com. May 19, 2014. Archived from the original on May twenty, 2014. Retrieved July xv, 2014.
  29. ^ "'Football game Hero' Scores New Globe Tape". Antiquarian Trader. May 11, 2021. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
  30. ^ "Earth Record for Magazine Cover Art by J.C. Leyendecker". Fine Books Magazine. May 10, 2021. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
  31. ^ "Carousel Ride". Sotheby's. 2020. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
  32. ^ "Innovative Stories: Here'due south The 2021 Tribeca Festival Shorts Lineup". TriBeCa Film Festival. Apr 22, 2021. Retrieved May 19, 2021.

Further reading [edit]

  • Carter, Alice A., Judy Francis Zankel, and Terry Chocolate-brown. . Americans Abroad: J. C. Leyendecker and the European Academic Influence on American Analogy. New York: Society of Illustrators, 2008. ISBN 1-60530-843-ix OCLC 237005126
  • Cutler, Judy Goffman, and Laurence S. Cutler. Norman Rockwell and His Mentor, JC Leyendecker. Newport, R.I. : National Museum of American Illustration, 2010. OCLC 769953338
  • Cutler, Judy Goffman, and Laurence South. Cutler. J.C. Leyendecker: American Imagist. New York: Abrams, 2008. ISBN 0-8109-9521-ii OCLC 222664794
  • Ermoyan, Arpi. Famous American Illustrators. [Crans, Switzerland]: Published for the Gild of Illustrators by Rotovision, 1997. ISBN 2-88046-316-5 OCLC 38530600
  • Leyendecker, J. C. An Exhibition of Original Poster Designs ... Under the Auspices of "The Indland Printer"... Jan 11 to 31, 1898. 1898. OCLC 62871338
  • Leyendecker, J. C. and Michael Schau. J. C. Leyendecker. New York " Watson-Guptill Publications, 1974. ISBN 0-8230-2757-0 OCLC 874308
  • Leyendecker, J. C., and Norman Rockwell. The J. C. Leyendecker Poster Book. New York: Watson-Guptill Publications, 1975. ISBN 0-8230-2758-9 OCLC 1583713
  • Leyendecker, J. C. The Sat Evening Post: An Illustrated Weekly Magazine ... Dec 29, 1906 ... New Yr's. Philadelphia: s.due north, 1906. OCLC 565522034
  • Meyer, Susan E. America's Smashing Illustrators. New York : H. N. Abrams, 1978. ISBN 0-8109-0663-5 OCLC 3275418
  • Moroney, Lindsay Anne. High Art Joins Popular Culture: The Life and Encompass Art of J.C. Leyendecker. Thesis (Honors), College of William and Mary, 2004. OCLC 56995122
  • Steine, Kent, J. C. Leyendecker, and Fred Taraba. The J. C. Leyendecker Collection: American Illustrators Poster Book. Portland, Ore. : Collectors Press, 1996. ISBN 0-9635202-8-8 OCLC 35297768

External links [edit]

  • Leyendecker Collection at The National Museum of American Illustration
  • Leyendecker biography, with illustrations from JVJ Publishing
  • J.C. Leyendecker at Open Letters
  • Leyendecker Collection at The Haggin Museum
  • UNCG American Publishers' Trade Bindings: J.C. Leyendecker
  • J. C. Leyendecker at Library of Congress Authorities, with 34 catalog records

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._C._Leyendecker